Motivated by Economic Self-Interest, They Are Trying to Organize Black Workers. A half century ago the white labor leaders of South Africa carried banners that cried, "Workers of the World Unite and Fight for a White South Africa." Now the white leaders of South Africa's biggest labor federation say the future of the trade unions depends on breaking racial barriers and organizing black African workers. This change of heart does not come from any mellow liberal thoughts. It comes instead from economic self-interest. In South Africa, the economic facts of life have enough force to change some attitudes about race. Since the economy of South Africa is whipped and whirled by change, rigid feelings about race could conceivably relax somewhat in the years ahead. The path, however will be neither smooth nor sure. The labor leaders, for example, failed in their attempt to lift the restrictions on organizing black workers. The government said no. Though changing, the Dutch-descended Afrikaner leaders of government are still too stolid to accept new ideas that seem too bold. But in this race-locked land, the attempt by the unions may have far more significance than the failure...